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- <text id=89TT2467>
- <title>
- Sep. 18, 1989: Interview:Paul Mellon
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1989
- Sep. 18, 1989 Torching The Amazon
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- INTERVIEW, Page 86
- The Fine Art of Giving
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p>Paul Mellon, principal heir to the Pittsburgh fortune, has
- spent a lifetime handing out his money and art, and still
- manages to live very well indeed
- </p>
- <p>By Sam Allis
- </p>
- <p> At 82, he is the last of America's great patrician patrons.
- Personally responsible for the East Wing of Washington's
- National Gallery as well as the Yale Center for British Art, and
- a key backer of the National Seashore Park at Cape Hatteras,
- N.C., Mellon has bestowed more than $1 billion through his
- family's foundations. Unencumbered by the need to work, he has
- made the skillful acquisition and disposition of art his
- full-time job. On the side, he has hunted fox, bred racehorses
- and pursued such interests as veterinary medicine.
- </p>
- <p> Q. Why give your money away?
- </p>
- <p> A. Why not? My friend Chester Dale, who was a great donor
- of the National Gallery, always used to say, "A shroud has no
- pockets." You can't take it with you. And then you're reminded
- by plenty of people that there are things to give money to. So
- anybody with money is never far from advice as to what to do
- with it. Whether you consider it a blessing or a burden, the
- inheritance is there. I don't feel it is any great quality of
- mine when I've always had money.
- </p>
- <p> Q. You never wanted to make more money. Why?
- </p>
- <p> A. It didn't interest me, from my childhood on, to spend a
- lot of time in business or making money. Not that I had
- anything against it, but I had more than I needed anyway, and
- I was interested in other things. My father had the idea that
- business would be as interesting to me as it was to him. I tried
- to explain to him a couple of times that it was a little
- different for him because that was his life and he started from
- the beginning doing these things.Q. Why have you not had a
- regular job?
- </p>
- <p> A. I was too busy to have a regular job.
- </p>
- <p> Q. How much control do you like to have over your money?
- </p>
- <p> A. My father's theory of business and my theory of
- philanthropy is that what you do is find the best people in the
- field to run whatever it is and then leave them alone. I've
- always made the point since the Andrew Mellon Foundation was
- started of not interfering with the thrust of the foundation.
- Lots of people come to me and say they are putting in a plea for
- such and such. And I say that has nothing to do with me. I am
- not going to write to the foundation and say I like this idea.
- In the first place, I personally don't want to be put in that
- position. And because my name is Mellon, I know that what I say
- in a foundation meeting probably has more clout than someone
- else.
- </p>
- <p> Q. Is there a common thread to your philanthropy?
- </p>
- <p> A. I have a very strong feeling about seeing things. I
- have, for example, a special feeling about how French pictures
- ought to be shown and how English pictures ought to be shown.
- I think my interest in pictures is a bit the same as my interest
- in landscape or architecture, in looking at horses or enjoying
- the country. They all have to do with being pleased with what
- you see.
- </p>
- <p> Q. The British art historian Denys Sutton once said about
- you, "His curiosity about the arts has something of the
- character of the 18th century amateur, a concept that has meant
- much to him." What does this statement mean to you?
- </p>
- <p> A. I suppose it means that I have never concentrated
- particularly in one field. The basis of it is that I've
- collected things that I've been interested in because of the
- type of life that I lead, the kind of sports that I've indulged
- in, the kind of places that I've lived in, and so forth. Most
- of my decisions, in every department of my life, whether
- philanthropy, business or human relations, and perhaps even
- racing and breeding, are the result of intuition rather than
- mental analysis. My father once described himself as a "slow
- thinker." It applies to me as well. But the hunches or impulses
- that I act upon, whether good or bad, just seem to rise out of
- my head like one of those thought balloons in the comic strips.
- </p>
- <p> The other thing is that for all of my life I've been able
- to have professional people help me in the various things that
- I've been interested in. From my time in college, I was always
- interested in an abstract way in English art and English life,
- the English countryside. My family took a house in England every
- summer from the time I was born until the war, and I have always
- had a very special feeling when I think about those times. For
- about ten to 15 years, Basil Taylor, the British art historian,
- and I had a wonderful time agreeing on pictures. I'd go to
- England two or three times a year. And that just grew.
- </p>
- <p> Q. Do you consider yourself primarily a philanthropist or
- a collector?
- </p>
- <p> A. I would say half and half, although you could say that
- collecting is partly a subdivision of philanthropy. But on the
- other hand, I have collected because I have liked pictures and
- I like to have them around. That's primary. And secondary, I
- wanted to see them go to places where other people can enjoy
- them. That's why I founded the British Art Center at Yale. I
- always felt that nobody in America collected anything but those
- big portraits that my father and Mr. Huntington (railroad
- magnate Henry Huntington) collected.
- </p>
- <p> Q. How do you learn to give money away?
- </p>
- <p> A. I don't think there is any training for it. I suppose I
- had a pretty good example from my father. I wouldn't say he was
- a professional philanthropist, but he did give money away for
- various things and he did found and build the National Gallery.
- There is no way you can learn philanthropy.
- </p>
- <p> Q. What did your father teach you about philanthropy?
- </p>
- <p> A. He never tried to teach me anything. My father wasn't
- very talkative for one thing. It's a thing I've thought of quite
- a lot, because my mother was a bit the same way. She was a very,
- very good gardener, but she never tried to teach me anything
- about gardening. There would be little things, though. I
- remember on a ship going to visit David Bruce (then U.S.
- Ambassador to France) and my sister, who had a place at Cap
- d'Antibes at that time, my father said to me at the end of the
- trip, when it came time to tip stewards and people, "I always
- give a little more than the average person, because people know
- who I am and who we are, and they really expect more and
- probably deserve a bit more."
- </p>
- <p> Q. President Bush has made a great deal of volunteerism in
- his "thousand points of light."
- </p>
- <p> A. I've never understood what that meant.
- </p>
- <p> Q. Are you still collecting now?
- </p>
- <p> A. I've slowed down an awful lot because, in the first
- place, everything important is ridiculously expensive. I still
- get catalogs from Sotheby's and Christie's, and sometimes I see
- a drawing that I might like. But even that's getting hard to do
- because I just refuse to pay these absurd prices.
- </p>
- <p> Q. Is this distorting philanthropic efforts in the art
- world?
- </p>
- <p> A. Yes. For instance, the National Gallery raised a $50
- million purchase fund four or five years ago. We got the $50
- million, and I think it's probably about $60 million now. But
- $60 million doesn't help very much these days.
- </p>
- <p> Q. Does that place pressure on patrons to give more money?
- </p>
- <p> A. Well, the tax laws don't help you very much. It's a
- combination of the high prices and the business and capital
- gains things that have to be worked into it, and the minimum tax
- and so forth. I can't understand it all, and I'm not sure my
- lawyers understand it. But no, it's not helpful a bit.
- </p>
- <p> Q. Who are your favorite painters?
- </p>
- <p> A. In the French field, certainly Edgar Degas. Not only as
- a painter but as a sculptor. And in the English field, the
- so-called sporting artist George Stubbs. But it's hard to
- compare because I think certainly Thomas Gainsborough was a very
- great artist. In the sporting field certainly James Ward and Ben
- Marshall. That's Marshall right there (pointing to the wall of
- his office). And John Constable, J.M.W. Turner. It's hard to fix
- on any one really.
- </p>
- <p> Q. What gives you the most satisfaction now?
- </p>
- <p> A. I can tell you what I had the most fun doing up to ten
- years ago, and that was riding and fox hunting. And I've been
- doing that since I was at Cambridge in 1930. That was 50 years
- of fox hunting in this country and in England. And because I was
- interested in fox hunting and had a farm, I got interested in
- breeding horses. And because I was interested in breeding, that
- meant I really had to get into flat racing rather than
- steeplechasing. And one thing led to another in that way.
- </p>
- <p> Q. Do you go to Saratoga regularly?
- </p>
- <p> A. We go to the Cape in the summer, and I can get over from
- Hyannis to Saratoga in about 40 minutes. So I'm able to go over
- for the day, have lunch, see the races and get back in time for
- a swim.
- </p>
- <p> Q. Is there anything in life that gives you more fun than
- watching one of your horses win?
- </p>
- <p> A. I don't think so. I can't think of anything.
- </p>
-
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
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